Born: 14 March 1879 in Ulm. Wurttemberg, Germany
Around 1886 Albert Einstein began his school career in Munich. As well as his violin lessons, which he had from age six to age thirteen, he also had religious education at home where he was taught Judaism.
He was a German-American physicist. He was also a peace-lover. He was one of the greatest thinkers mankind has been ever gifted with.
His work laid the foundation of modern physics and still forms the basis of how we interpret the universe and the events that we observe in it.
Einstein was born of Jewish parents in Ulm now in West Germany. He went to school in Munich.
There he developed a special liking for mathematics at which he excelled.
When he was 15 his family moved to Milan, Italy and from there Albert attended the Polytechnic Academy in the Swiss city of Zurich.
He graduated in theoretical physics and mathematics in 1900. After teaching for a while, he took a post in the patent office in Bern.
Here he continued thinking physics on his own and in 1905 he published a group of papers that were of great importance to physics.
The first provided a new way of working out the size of molecules. With this Einstein gained his doctorate.
The second was about the observation that small particles could be seen moving around in water under a microscope.
The third paper provided an explanation to a puzzling observation. It was known that when light shone on certain substances, the substances gave out electrons, but that the number of electrons emitted, not their energy, increased when the lighting was increased. Einstein explained this by suggesting that light, as well as
moving in waves, actually came in seperate little packets of energy, called photons.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921 mainly for this work, called the 'photo electric effect'.
The most important paper, however, was his fourth. This was his Special Teory of Relativity, which he extended in another paper called the General Theory of Relativity in 1916. The theory was abot what would happen to objects travelling very fast relative to an observer, at speeds near the speed of light.
He propounded the most famous equation in history, E=mc2.
He stayed in Germany throughoutWorld War I and became a convinced pacifist.
He welcomed peace in 1918. But in 1933 it became impossible for him to stay in Germany because of the Nazi Party's anti-Jewish activities and he went to live in America.
Throughout his life Einstein was passionately concerned with world affairs. Although a pacifist, he supported the building of an atomic bomb to defeat Hitler and his Japanese allies.
He had turned down the presidency of Israel, saying that he had neither the ability nor the experience of governing human beings.
Albert Einstein was a scientist who looked at mankind with the eyes of a saint.
2)Alexandre Dumas:(1802-70)
French writer Alexandre Dumas is famous as the author of the exciting Three Muskateers stories.
The first of their adventures appeared in 1844 and the Three Muskateers(Athos, Porthos and Aramis) together with their companion, D'Artagnan went on their exploits in later novels.
Duamas's books include The Three Muskateers, The Count of Monte Cristo and The Black Tulip.
Dumas was born at Villers-Cotterets, in northern France. His father died when Dumas was only four years old, leaving the family in poverty.
Dumas became a clerk at a law firm but moved to Paris in 1823. He started writing plays in 1825 and shifted to novels in the 1840s.
Dumas became rich from the success of his books but wasted his fortune.
His son Alexandre(1824-95) is known as Dumas fils(French for"son") to distinguish him from his father. He was also a writer, mostly of palys. He also wrote novels, best remembered of which is The Lady of the Camelius.
The Lady of the Camelius was rewritten as a play,Camille and first performed in 1852.
